Transformasi Peran Balian dalam Masyarakat Dayak Ma’ayan: Sinkretisme Agama dan Dinamika Stratifikasi Sosial
The Transformation of the Balian’s Role in Dayak Ma’ayan Society: Religious Syncretism and Social Stratification Dynamics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19184/jes.v14i2.53754Keywords:
Balian, Dayak Ma'yan, sinkretisme agama, stratifikasi sosial, ketahanan budayaAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transformasi peran Balian dalam masyarakat Dayak Ma’ayan di Kabupaten Barito Timur di tengah tantangan modernisasi dan pluralisme agama. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode etnografi, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana Balian beradaptasi serta mempertahankan relevansinya di tengah perubahan sosial-keagamaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Balian tidak lenyap, melainkan bertransformasi menjadi agen utama sinkretisme keagamaan yang secara pragmatis mengintegrasikan kepercayaan tradisional dengan agama-agama formal, terutama Kristen dan Islam, untuk mengisi ruang spiritual masyarakat. Posisi sosial Balian juga menunjukkan variasi yang signifikan: mereka tetap dihormati dalam komunitas pedalaman, tetapi cenderung termarginalisasi di wilayah urban, di mana stratifikasi sosial lebih banyak ditentukan oleh modal ekonomi dan pendidikan formal. Tradisi Balian memperlihatkan ketahanan budaya yang kuat, berfungsi sebagai pilar penting dalam negosiasi identitas budaya Dayak Ma’ayan di era kontemporer. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa Balian bukanlah peninggalan masa lalu, melainkan institusi budaya yang dinamis dan resilien, yang terus memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk tatanan sosial dan religius masyarakat Dayak.
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